Employee relations and engagement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Employee relations and engagement - Coursework Example For a better evaluation of the subject matter, the study intends to analyze the strategies related to employee relations and engagement existing in the renowned pharmaceutical company Boots, located in the U.K. The modern business environment is laden with much complicity from the perspective of employee management. Globalization of business activities and interaction of human resource from various nations further complicates the approaches which managers are required to undertake for efficiently managing employees. Employee relations (ER) have therefore evolved as an important criterion so that employee productivity can be maintained. Employee relations are generally objected towards developing strategies which reduce employee issues, enhance morale and encourage good communication between superiors and subordinates. Such relations also aid towards ensuring that employees are retained within the firm for a longer durations. Often human resource managers engage themselves in developing strategies which facilitate developing successful employee relations. In many large firms, ER is often perceived as the process through which employees can be given information regarding long term objectives and policies of the firm. Employees are advised and guided in respect of their performance and conduct through such relations. Employee engagement (EE) is essentially the process of making the workforce of an organization to remain completely dedicated towards performance of duties. When employees are completely dedicated towards execution of tasks, there remains less extra time to focus upon other aspects such as gossiping or creating issues. The practice of EE is mostly undertaken so that employees are at all times productive. However if firms exert too much pressure upon employees it tends to impact organizational productivity negatively. EE is required to be implemented in an organization so as to enhance

Importance of Inter-professional Working in Nursing Practice

Importance of Inter-professional Working in Nursing Practice Inter-professional working is constantly promoted to professionals within the health and social care sector. Various terms such as interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary and interagency collaboration working have been used to promote professionals to work together with the patient, carers, relations, services and other professionals (SCIE, 2009). This Paper will explore the importance of inter-professional working in nursing practice, due to nurses supporting and treating a variety of patients. This paper will discuss the general importance of inter-professionalism as part of good nursing practice, it will use examples of adult stroke patients and children who have cerebral palsy. These two conditions have been chosen because they allow the paper to explore two different age groups and the needs of patients who tend to have complex social and healthcare needs. There is also a wealth of literature available on these conditions which helps highlight the need for nurses to work effectivel y with other health and social care professionals, service providers and carers. Patients initially tend to see nurses either alone on arrival at accident and emergency departments, or in conjunction with a medical practitioner. Therefore, the duration of time that a nurse spends with a patient tends to be longer than most other health/medical professionals (Godfrey, 2012). Ward nurses who work on hospital wards, provide care and support to admitted patients throughout their whole stay. This length of time spent with the patients allow them to be familiar with the patient, hence allowing them to recognise changes in a patients health and also to identify any new needs. Often, patients need to see more than one health/medical professional in their stay at the hospital, due to their health needs. Despite these professionals possessing specialist skills to support or treat specific health concerns that the patient may have, often the health recommendations that are given to the patient need to be performed routinely even when the patient is not in the presence of th is specialist. Therefore, allied health professionals tend to advise, seek the support of, or hand specific recommendations over to nurses. This is often seen between nurses and physiotherapists in mobility recommendations, this is because nurses often have to mobilise a patient out of hours as recommended by the physiotherapist (Godfrey, 2012). This avoids the patient having to wait for a physiotherapist on weekends, or to become frustrated due to being in one position for long periods of time and it also supports the overall hospital service aim of better patient outcomes. Similarly patients with complex physical issues, minimal mobility or neurological complications, such as stroke patients, need to be regularly moved to avoid pressure ulcers developing. In addition to this, regaining mobility gradually is often part of a patients stroke rehabilitation programme. Clear guidelines and training are given, as recommended by NICE, to nurses to perform safe moving and handling techniques on patients. These guidelines advise 2-3 trained professionals to move a patient who is bed bound, depending on the patients movement ability and weight (Jacob et al, 2007). If this is a stroke patient this needs to be done on recommendation of a physiotherapist (RCP, 2012). Therefore, it is important for nurses to communicate effectively with other health and social care professionals when moving and handling a patient who may have complex needs, as nurses may need specialist recommendations by the physiotherapist, or the patient may have medical equipment attached to the m which needs to be handled carefully or removed temporarily. Safe moving and handling techniques as part of a team effort not only promotes good health and social care practice, it also decreases the risk of injury to a nurse. This is particularly important as moving and handling injuries have been the most common causes of staff absence for a period of 3 days and longer between the years of 2007 and 2013 (Anderson, 2014). A key feature of hospital care is information sharing through ward rounds done by doctors and other health professionals. The aim of this is to provide patient care which can be delivered in a timely manner, but it also allows the multidisciplinary team involved with the patient to plan their future care and treatments. Nurses input via reporting to colleagues their judgement and observations on the patients current health state is not only vital for better care planning in the future, but it is also important because nurses can often voice the preferences that patients have expressed to them, hence promoting the principle of patient centred care (RCP and RCN, 2012). Furthermore, due to the direct care ward nurses give on their shift throughout the day to allocated patients, they often recognise the general deterioration of a patients health and wellbeing before other health professionals and doctors. Therefore, it is extremely important for the safety and well-being of patients for nurses to liaise with doctors regularly to manage the change of symptoms as soon as possible. Even though patient care planning is revisited and documented regularly by health and medical professionals when changes are needed for the patient, formal multidisciplinary meetings allow improved outcomes for the patient, an example of an improved outcome is when Stroke Early Discharge Support Teams can discharge patients earlier, allowing them to more likely be independent sooner in their daily tasks (Clarke, 2013). The multi-disciplinary team who has contributed to this evidence has consisted of specialist medical practitioners, various speciality therapists, dietitian, a care manager, nurses and sometimes a social worker. Nurses, due to possessing past history medical notes and the knowledge of relations who visit the patient, can usually provide the occupational therapist and the allocated social worker with information on key relations of the patient that maybe useful to contact prior to discharge. Also, nurses through conversation can gather information on the patients living situation at home. This is paramount in discharge planning for stroke patients as sometimes they are unable to communicate fully and clearly their living environment at home, as stroke can impact an individuals ability to communicate verbally and physically. Also, if patients have few or no relations living with them, they may need home care via nursing staff or telecare equipment which can support risks of injury or allow individuals to alert emergency care services via sensory equipment when they have a fall or another stroke which results them to fall. Even though occupational therapists will do assessments of the environment which the patient resides in (EKUHFT, 2015), nurses can often give the therapist insight on any issue the patient has had in their stay at the hospital, an example of this may be that the patient has difficulty lowering themselves to sit on the toilet, the occupational therapist would usually request for a grab/hand rail to be fitted in the patients home to support them to do this action. Patient care planning via inter-professional working is also fundamental to children who have been born with Cerebral Palsy. Nurses with specialist roles such as Health visitors, provide a community based service to cerebral palsy patients and their families. This differs to the role of nurses on the ward as Health visitors review the health of the patient in reference to their living environment and public health needs, hence allowing them to identify the wider health needs of the family too (Alexander, 2014).. Due to cerebral palsy being a non-curable condition the child and the family/carers of the child will regularly receive treatments and support from an extended network of health and social care professionals and also educational specialists and support staff (NHS, 2014). Therefore, health visitors need to be able to create successful inter-professional relations with professionals who are external to the health and social care industry such as educational psychologists, by un derstanding the role and service that the professional is providing to the patient. It is also vital to understand roles due to the referral systems we have in the United Kingdom, both within hospital and community care. Furthermore, policies can differ between the local authority, the NHS and private healthcare providers and the child and his/her family may have chosen to have a specific care package which the health visitor may not be aware of (Know your rights, 2015; NHS, 2013). Also, Health visitors often need to liaise with professionals who are not employed by the NHS or another private healthcare provider but by a local authority instead. This can mean the caseload is allocated differently, waiting times may differ and methods of referral may differ too. Therefore, to ensure that the patients transition is efficient and positive from immediate hospital care to accessing community based services, nurses need to be aware of the basic structure and logistics of other services. This awareness needs to be raised more specifically in the working environment for younger student nurses or graduate nurses who may not know the difference between certain professional roles, as despite accredited nursing programmes having modules or lessons in multidisciplinary practice covering the importance of knowing the roles of other health and social care professionals, sometimes there is confusion between specialists who support patients or service users with the same condition(s). A classic misunderstanding is a student nurse struggling to understand the difference between a mental health social worker and a mental health nurse, who can both work for community based teams and may be employed by the local authority (The Masked AMHP, 2012). The administration of medication is another role that nurses carry out in health and social care settings. The administration or preparation of medication is usually done by using the skills learnt from their training, instructions from the pharmacist or manufacturer guidelines. However, human error in the administration or preparation or omission of the medication can put the patient at risk of poor health or even death (NICE, 2014). Hospital pharmacists and dispensing staff function in a fast paced environment, hence processing prescriptions for medications that are needed for patients on the ward who vary in conditions. Some medications are needed urgently and human error can occur on the behalf of pharmacist or dispensing staff. Despite pharmacy staff recording clinical errors as part of their good clinical practise, nurses also need to be aware of these errors for the patients safety and awareness also needs to be raised to other nursing colleagues of the issue because the patie nts health may need to be checked regularly. . Furthermore, as doctors complete prescriptions for the request of medications, nursing staff only follow the patients drug chart in administrating the medication, hence it is vital for the nurse to understand what the doctor is prescribing the medication for (UHS, 2015). This is important to know as the nurse may observe patient changes after the patient has had the medication, which need to be recorded. To avoid error and to justify their clinical actions in medical administration of drugs, nurses need to be able to follow the advice and instructions of both the doctor and pharmacist, therefore effective and open communication allows questions to be asked and concerns to be raised, hence creating a strong working relationship. This protects not only the patient but it also improves working relationships between medical and nursing staff. Also, nursing staff and doctors caring and treating patients with cerebral palsy have to work using a comprehensive rehabilitation approach, which includes working alongside physiatrists who manage anti-spasticity medication and review medical complications associated with cerebral palsy. Hence, nursing staff need to have a broad understanding of the specialisms of the medical practitioners that they are liaising with, as often nursing staff liaise with several different specialists. To conclude, inter-professional working is clearly important for all health and social care staff, however it is extremely important for nursing staff because their varied role requires them to liaise with different professionals, settings and patients. Also, as nurses can now undertake CPD to specialise in areas such as such as stroke, diabetes, palliative care and disability, their role has changed from providing traditional nursing through practical care to now being able to provide specialist advice to the patient and relations on the management of the condition. (Niece McEwen, 2015). For nurses to be successful in their specialist roles they need to create positive working relationships with other health/medical staff, non-clinical professionals, carers/families and most importantly the patient. Furthermore, due to the demand of nurses in non-clinical settings such as homes and schools, for nurses to practice effectively they need to be able to understand the roles of professio nals practicing in community settings as often these professionals can provide the nurse with how the patient functions in their daily life. Due to ward nurses providing care throughout their shift, usually to the same patients, the greater length of time with the patient allows them to have a better insight to the patient and their health whilst in care of that ward. This allows them to feed back to fellow nurses and other health/medical professionals any changes that need to be made to the patients care plans. It seems not only is patient care improved by inter-professional working but also the skills and knowledge of nursing staff is also developed by learning from other professionals, it is likely that in the future, guidelines will further advise nurses to work more inter-professionally with other professionals. Bibliography Alexander, C. (2014) Growing into the role. Nursing Standard. 28 (20). p. 63. Anderson, M.P, Carlisle, S, Thomson, C, Ross, C, Reid, H.J, Hart, N.D, Clarkle, A. (2014) Safe moving and handling of patients: an interprofessional approach. Nursing Standard. 28 (46). p. 37-41. Clarke, D.J. (2013) The role of multidisciplinary team care in stroke rehabilitation. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry. 17 (4). p. 5-8. East Kent Hospitals University. (2015) The Stroke multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.ekhuft.nhs.uk/patients-and-visitors/services/elderly-services/stroke-services/stroke-care/the-stroke-multidisciplinary-team Godfrey, K. (2012) Is interdisciplinary the new multidisciplinary? [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.nursingtimes.net/opinion/nt-blog/is-interdisciplinary-the-new-multidisciplinary/5052155.blog Jacob, A, Rekha, R, Tarachand, J.S. (2007) Clinical Nursing Procedures: The Art of Nursing Practice. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Limited: New Delhi. Know your rights. (2015) 02. Your right to Health and Social Care. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.know-your-rights.org.uk/02.html National Health Service. (2013) Who Pays? Determining responsibility for payments to providers. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/who-pays.pdf National Health Service. (2014) Cerebral palsy – treatment. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cerebral-palsy/Pages/Treatment.aspx National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2014) Safe staffing for nursing in adult inpatient wards in acute hospitals. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/sg1/chapter/9-safe-nursing-indicators#safe-nursing-indicator-medication-administration-errors Nies, M.A, McEwen, M. (2015) Community/Public Health nursing: Promoting the Health of Populations. Elsevier Saunders: Missouri. Royal College of Physicians and Royal College of Nursing. (2012) Ward Rounds in medicine: principles for best practice. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.rcn.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/479329/004342.pdf Royal College of Physicians. (2012) National Clinical guideline for stroke. [Online] Available from:Â  https://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/national-clinical-guidelines-for-stroke-fourth-edition.pdf/ Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2009) Interprofessional and inter-agency collobration. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.communitycare.co.uk/2009/08/03/interprofessional-and-inter-agency-collaboration/ The Masked, AMHP. (2012) Maintaining identity as a social worker in a multidisciplinary team. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.theguardian.com/social-care-network/social-life-blog/2012/jul/20/social-work-in-multidisciplinary-teams University Hospital Southampton. (2015) Section 1 – Prescription Writing. [Online] Available from:Â  http://www.uhs.nhs.uk/Media/suhtideal/Doctors/SaferPrescribingWorkbook/Section1-Prescriptionwriting.pdf

A Look At Picasso :: essays research papers

Picasso’s Guernica is unique and unlike any other photograph or painting of a historical war scene. Historical photographs show scenes and capture moments in time, but when viewing them an intangible â€Å"wall† exists between the viewer and the photograph. The difference between photographs and original paintings is that the painting allows the viewer to break through the â€Å"wall† and actually experience the feelings and emotions expressed in the painting. â€Å"We only see what we look at and to look is act of choice.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 8) â€Å"The photographer’s way of seeing is reflected in his choice of subject, they are showing you what they want you to see.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 10) Photographs are taken for a reason; there are many other angles or other scenes a photographer can choose from and it is up to the photographer to decide which one the viewer sees. In essence, the viewer only sees one aspect of the image captured with the lens of the camera. For example, â€Å"when only the head of a figure is visible in a picture which appeals to visual thinking—as distinguished, for example, from a news photograph which many make use of the sense of sight merely for the purpose of informing us of what went on in a certain place—that figure is always to be seen as being incomplete.† (Arnheim 11) The eye cannot continue beyond the borders of the photograph and the wholene ss of the picture is lost. In a painting, the artist has painted all of the elements to be seen simultaneously. â€Å"The spectator may need time to examine each element of the painting but whenever he reaches a conclusion the simultaneity of the whole painting is here to reverse or quality his conclusion.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing† 26) A painting maintains its own authority, the painting does not capture momentary appearances it creates its’ own. In doing so the viewer becomes a part of the painting, when the viewer steps away from the painting he is no longer an influence or a part of the painting. Paintings can not be seen in two places at the same time, â€Å"when the camera reproduces a painting, it destroys the uniqueness of its image.† (â€Å"Ways of Seeing†13) The uniqueness is destroyed because the painting now travels to the spectator rather then the spectator to the painting. â€Å"The viewer, views it in his or her surroundings and it is influenced by their surroundings.

Madness and the Freedom to Live: Into the Wild

A young man, living in a comfortable civilized environment leaves society and all the benefits that he had behind him to build a new life. The novel Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer tells the story of a young man, Chris McCandless who had always believed his life ritual was based on mental knowledge. The existential mind of McCandless seemed to prove this statement true. His effort he put into his work was nothing compared to what would lie ahead on this so called â€Å"journey† of his. He loved the fact that each day he had the possibility of being exciting, different, or even dangerous. Chris was different in the way he wanted to experience life. He wanted to be alone and took no joy in the various human relationships that he had developed in his travels. Chris showed that he was a loner and did not value these relationships by his disregard for normal society and only took pleasure in challenging himself. To part from all society, one’s mind needs to be set; for once one was there, to come back would be a challenging task. A quote from the beginning of chapter six states, â€Å"No man ever followed his genius till it misled him. Though the result were bodily weakness, yet perhaps no one can say that the consequences were to be regretted, for these were a life in conformity to higher principles† -Henry David Thoreau (Krakauer 47). Any human, man or woman, may see the mental capabilities they have, but never portray them in anything worth dying for. The judgments of anyone could be overrode by something as simple as a thought or pigment of curiosity in one’s mind. McCandless went through this exact same thing during his short-lived life. Once the thought of living without society had crossed his mind, he had been fixed on making it possible. Every little occurrence over the period of time McCandless spent in Alaska began to show it. The little amount of supplies he had ran out quickly and the effect was tragic and fatal. The accomplishments he had acquired from taking this journey affected him in the long run. Though McCandless is deceased, the phenomenon of his story lives on, and one can certainly believe that he did not regret anything he put himself through. He may not have learned from his own mistakes, but others can learn from the aberrations McCandless put upon himself. Thoreau states, â€Å"If the day and the night are such that you greet them with joy, and life emits a fragrance like flowers and sweet-scented herbs, is more elastic, more starry, more immortal, —that is your success† (Krakauer 47). The concepts and visions McCandless perceived and lived can be recognized throughout this statement. He looked at the possibilities in life in a positive manner, and the outcome of doing this was appreciation, love, and most importantly, success. Thoreau also states, â€Å"All nature is your congratulation, and you have cause momentarily to bless yourself. The greatest gains and values are farthest from being appreciated. We easily come to doubt if they exist. We soon forget them. They are the highest reality†¦ The true harvest of my daily life is somewhat as intangible and indescribable as the tints of morning or evening. It is a little star-dust caught a segment of the rainbow which I have clutched† (Krakauer 47). In McCandless’ mind, the only thing he wanted was this. Every little speck of appreciation all showed towards the beautiful mother nature; she is what held his head high, and kept him going throughout his journey. Anthony Storr wrote; â€Å"It is true that many creative people fail to make mature personal relationships, and some are extremely isolated. It is also true that, in some instances, trauma, in the shape of early separation or bereavement, has steered the potentially creative person toward developing aspects of his personality which can find fulfillment in comparative isolation† (Krakauer 61). This is an extremely relevant statement about McCandless and his actions. It illustrates the observations between him, and his father. He may be a very intelligent person, and he may be a straight â€Å"A† student, but the failure to be able to obtain a good, close relationship with his father drove him away. But if any person ever got the chance to go through something like McCandless did they would be very distant as well. The fortunate aspects and outcomes of such, allowed him to start over and begin a new life of his own. Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth. I sat at a table where rich food and wine in abundance, and obsequious attendance, but sincerity and truth were not; and I went away hungry from the inhospitable board. The hospitality was as cold as the ices† -Henry David Thoreau (Krakauer 117). This quote emphasizes the fact of McCandless looking for something that could not be found. The truth he looked for every day of his life had the inab ility to stay hidden. It tended to squish though ever crack and crevice in the wall his father tried to put up between them. All McCandless wanted was the truth, and all his father had done was separate himself from McCandless more and more. He wanted nothing more in life but to know what was really going on, but the incompetence of his father’s actions caused the two to separate. The perseverance of McCandless’ life showed greatly throughout the readings of this book. Every bit of information lead to give the reader understanding of who McCandless was, and why he did what he did. His story was an excellent acknowledgement to what he had accomplished. The love McCandless showed towards nature and interest of starting over allowed him to live this dream. The encouragement given to him was taken in a very special manner, and every step McCandless took, was written down as if his life were an epic novel. The troubles and hardships he had gone through and success he had gained was all lost, as his body was found later in an abandoned bus.

Videodrome Movie Analysis

Videodrome Videodrome, directed by David Cronenberg, is a movie setting in Toronto during the early 1980s depicting a television station attempting to broadcast a show of violence and torture named Videodrome. Max Renn, owner of a small-sized television station, learned about a Videodrome, which was broadcasted in Malaysia, just when he wanted a change to the program the station was showing. Max immediately gained interest to the new show and order to start pirating it as he believes that the show would gain popularity quickly.The late 1970s and early 1980s was the time when television gain popularity. It became a social norm to have a television in every room in the house. Television developed into a big part in everyday living, people could not fall asleep without the company of the television. The anxiety slowly rises as with the amount of television people were watching. This anxiety continued to grow as media technology advances. The society then begins to affiliate with videota pe, videocassette, VCR, and etc. It almost got to the point when people would never seem to leave the house again.This movie well reflects the social anxiety of the time. After Max watches the footage of actual torture and murder, he began to see illusions of televisions coming to life. As part of the Videodrome project, he also sees himself as a videocassette recorder with hole in his body as a slot to insert video tape. His brain was controlled. The movie came to a conclusion and emphasis on the anxiety with the murder of Max by a television. With the assist of Videodrome, O’Blivion’s prophesy of television coming to life and takeover would come true.Videodrome is a lethal weapon designed by the government that would broadcast signals to give brain tumor in the viewer. The main purpose is to correct the fixation on softcore pornography and violence in the society, by eliminating those who are drawn in the world of videography. The intention was to let Max see Videodr ome and broadcast to the public. However, the Videodrome project made no exception to Max as he, too, was brainwashed. Max would then go on to kill his colleagues. The death of Max could David Cronenberg reflected the social anxiety in form of a movie.The director is implying the disturbing effect of social disorder brought by the television and other media technology. The director exaggerated the negative contribution brought by the television and media technology for how it has impacted the social norms. It can be said that the director believed intense television viewer should be doomed for their ignorance of the society. The role of the government and its Videodrome project can be interpreted as a representation of what Cronenberg is doing by filming the movie in real life to make a statement of the false effect brought by the increasing popularity of television culture.

Beauty Essays

Beauty Essays Beauty Essay Beauty Essay The concept of beauty is a controversial issue in today’s look-oriented modern society as the media constantly tries to give it a set definition. Motivated by material profit, television programs, glamorous magazines, and fashionable websites often provide their own distorted image of the perfect human being. However, due to the fact that it is a subjective and relative concept, beauty is indefinable and therefore an unreachable and utopian ideal. The idea of beauty has undergone a great amount of changes over time, and as a result it is indefinable and almost impossible to give a completely factual definition. What people considered to be beautiful years ago no longer pertains to today’s modern society. These changes can be seen especially through the changes in the preferences of the female body image. During the Victorian Era, women were considered beautiful if they were plump and full-figured, as it was a sign of their wealth. Oftentimes they wore tight corsets that made their waists unrealistically thin while accentuating their hips, breasts, and buttocks. However at the start of the 1900’s being slender became more fashionable, as women were encouraged to be more physically fit and the idea of the â€Å"Gibson Working Girl† was created as the epitome of physical attractiveness. During this time period women often bound their breasts in order to create a more slender appearance. By the 1950’s â€Å"beautiful† women were thin and had a large bustline, like Mariyln Monroe who was a size sixteen. In today’s western modern society the perfect and ideal weight of women involves being skinny and having large breasts, which is normally achieved through cosmetic surgeries such as liposuction and breast implants. Like the ideal image of beauty is unobtainable because it changes over time, it is also relative because it varies between cultures. Different cultures have varying definitions of beauty depending on their societal trends and traditions, making it impossible to have a set designation for the term. People often go through a great amount of trouble in order to fit in with their own culture’s unique definition of beauty. In Asian cultures it is considered attractive to have pale skin, and many Asians often wear sun masks or carry parasols to avoid coloration. Some even powder their faces in order to make their complexion paler and thus more â€Å"attractive†. In Western civilizations like America, perfect skin is often characterized as being tan, and many Americans often risk their own health by visiting tanning salons. Americans also use expensive bronzers and fake tanning sprays that give their skin a more golden color. Cultural differences of beauty can even be traced back to the Native Americans who tightly bounded their heads with cloth in order to elongate their skulls. Similar to variations among cultures, definitions of beauty are also subjective as they can also differ among individuals. Beauty is a relative ideal as its meaning differs among individuals. While some may view beauty as based on inner traits such as personality, intelligence, confidence, grace, charm, and elegance, others may believe that it is only physical factors that make a person attractive. People’s perceptions of beauty are often reflected in their fashion styles and depicted in the clothes that they wear. Many strive to create their own unique style which shows their individual opinion on what they perceive as alluring. One person may find that a leopard print jacket, a yellow tank top, and pink polka dot shorts are beautiful, while another could disagree entirely. Each person is entitled to their own beliefs. Beauty cannot have a set definition, or else it would ruin the natural sanctity of human individual uniqueness. Its value can only be determined at a personal level. True beauty comes from within a person and is an expression of a person’s own identity. Although beauty is relative because it varies among individuals, many people still try to achieve it through pointless and risky cosmetic surgery, and unsafe diets. While beauty is subjective as it often changes throughout time, among cultures, and varies between individuals, many still make the choice to undergo irreversible surgeries in order to artificially make themselves more attractive. Science is placed above nature, as people destroy their bodies in order to feel a small and most likely temporary sense of attractiveness. The website beauty101. org defines beauty as â€Å"a characteristic of a person, place, object or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure, meaning or satisfaction;† By this definition painful cosmetic surgery and rueling fad diets go against the ideals of beauty as they typically are not pleasurable, are meaningless, and overall are unhealthy. There is no point in cutting a totally healthy body, and cosmetic surgery takes away from appearances given to humans by nature. Unhealthy eating decisions also contribute to the distortion of the ideas of beauty, and in a study conducted by the South Carolina Department of Mental Heath, it was concluded that around eight million Americans every year struggle with the hardships that come with an eating disorder. Beauty is ubiquitous, and people need to embrace that everyone is beautiful in their own unique way.

French Love Language - Vocabulary and Tips

French Love Language - Vocabulary and Tips French is the language of love using it with your beau  can be incredibly romantic. But to  avoid turning your  je  taime into a je suis embarrassà ©,  review these grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary tips before professing your love.   How To Say I Love You in French? Its rather simple, and a lot of people know that sentence: Je taime - I am in love with you. It sounds like je tem. If you were to say vous to the person you are in love with (weird, but not impossible), it would be: Je vous aime with a strong liaison in Z: je voo zem. The Verb Aimer :To Love and to be in Love This is tricky indeed. Aimer means to love and to be in love. So, what if you want to say you just like someone, not romantically? Then youd have to add an adverb. Je taime bien I like youJe taime beaucoup Im fond of you (still as a friend) Now, be careful! If you were to omit the adverb, and just say: je taime, youd be saying I am in love with you... This could mean a lot of trouble. We also use the verb aimer to say we like food, stuff... Here, no problem to use it without an adverb, the meaning is obvious (to a French person at least). Jaime la France. I like/love France. So its only when you use aimer with a person that you could be in trouble. Note that we use aimer without an adverb with immediate family and pets.   Jaime ma fille. I love my daughter.Il aime son chien. He loves his dog. How To Say To Be In Love in French ? The expression à ªtre en amour is used in Canadian French, but not in France. We say à ªtre amoureux / amoureuse de quelquun Elle est amoureuse de Pierre elle aime Pierre. She is in love with Pierre. When you need to make it very clear that you are talking about love and not just like, then youd need to use the full expression à ªtre amoureux/amoureuse de. Il est amoureux de sa cousine. He is in love with his cousin.

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Arthur

Meaning and Origin of the Surname Arthur Arthur is an English and Welsh surname with several possible meanings: Last name meaning strong man, from Ar, meaning man and thor, meaning strong.A surname meaning bear man, hero, or man of strength, from the Welsh arth, meaning bear and ur, an ending meaning man.From  the  Gaelic Artair, Middle Gaelic Artuir, both derived from the Old Irish art, meaning a bear. Surname Origin: English, Welsh, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: ARTUR, ARTURS, ARTHOR Where in the World is the ARTHUR Surname Found? The Arthur surname is common today in New Zealand and Australia, according to  WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially the New Zealand districts of Stratford, Waimate, Hurunui, Central Otago, and Clutha. The Arthur last name is fairly evenly distributed throughout England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Surname distribution data from Forebears  indicates the Arthur surname is most prevalent in Ghana, where it ranks as the 14th most common surname in the nation. It is also relatively common in Australia (ranked 516th) and England (857th). Census data from 1881–1901 in the British Isles shows the Arthur surname was prevalent in the Shetland Isles of Scotland, Jersey in the Channel Islands, and Brecknockshire, Carmarthenshire, and Merionethshire in Wales. Famous People with the Last Name ARTHUR Chester A. Arthur - 21st President of the United StatesBea Arthur (born Frankel) - Emmy and Tony Award-winning American actress  Jean Arthur (stage name, born Gladys Georgianna Greene) -  American actress best known for her roles in films such as Mr. Smith Goes To Washington and The More The MerrierTimothy Shay Arthur (T. S. Arthur) - popular 19th-century American authorWilfred Arthur - WWII flying ace of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) Genealogy Resources for the Surname ARTHUR Presidential Surname Meanings and OriginsDo the surnames of U.S. presidents really have more prestige than your average Smith and Jones? While the proliferance of babies named Tyler, Madison, and Monroe may seem to point in that direction, presidential surnames are really just a cross-section of the American melting pot.   Arthur Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as an Arthur family crest or coat of arms for the Arthur surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Arthur Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Arthur surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Arthur query. DistantCousin.com - ARTHUR Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Arthur. The Arthur Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Arthur from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Project, operations and supply chain management Essay - 1

Project, operations and supply chain management - Essay Example In this respect, projects adopting the traditional approach are designed in a way that the exact results expected from the project are defined with precision. As such, definite results are agreed upon between the project team and the client. On the other hand, projects adopting the agile approach start with the expectation that there may be changes in the features and requirements of the project over time. As opposed to the traditional approach, the only agreement that is set between the project team and the client is the time to the taken as well as the resources in order to deliver the most optimal results (Carroll, 2012, p. 8). Differences between the two approaches can also be noted in the implementation phase. That is, the traditional approach follows a route that is predictable and linear; the tools and techniques that are used in sequencing, organizing and assigning various tasks in the project are very inflexible. On the contrary, the agile methodology is more adaptive and follows a less linear route. Emphasis in this project management approach is put in on the people, collaboration, effective communication and customer solutions, while seeking to bring about dynamism in the project aimed at adapting to the external environment (Singh, 2012, p. 205). The leadership and management styles that are applied in projects while using the two approaches also differ greatly. In this respect, the traditional approach to project management adopts a bureaucratic, top-down approach to leadership. The leaders in such projects rely on control and command in passing instructions to their subordinates, while having clearly set roles for each of the project members. On the other hand, the agile methodology adopts a transformational leadership style whereby leaders seek to inspire their subordinates in carrying out their respective tasks. The assigning of duties among

Partnership Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Partnership Accounting - Coursework Example Capital - William $ 87,500 Capital - Frank $ 87,500 Capital - Sammy $ 175,000 4. General Partnerships is that all partners have unlimited liability. This means that if a business is not able to pay back its debts, the partners are held responsible to pay the debtors back and they can be forced to sell of their personal assets in order to repay the debt. Only under certain circumstances, there can be a partner with limited liability; however that partner does not take part in the management of the business. Under Limited Partnerships there exist some partners whose liability is limited to the contribution of capital in the business. The resignation, retirement or death of such partner does not cause the dissolution of the firm. However, one partner has to have unlimited liability while the partners with limited liability do not take part in the management of the business. Also, such a partnership has to be registered. Joint Venture Partnership is similar to a general partnership, howe ver it lasts for only a certain time period or for a certain project. Usually two companies share the costs, risks and benefits by running a project. However, a written agreement is not necessary. 5. The two methods of recording changes in the membership of a partnership are Bonus Method and Goodwill Method. Under bonus method, the assets accounts increases by the amount of capital contributed by the new partner. Any access amount paid to acquire the interest in the business is credited to the respective partners account. However, under goodwill method, a goodwill account is opened to account for this access amount. It is an intangible asset. 6. A. The list of provisions is: 1) Nature of the  partnership   2) Contributions to the partnership 3) Allocation of profits and losses 4) Interest on Capital 5) Interest on Drawings 6) Management Duties 7) Policy upon admission or retirement of partners. 6. B. The articles of partnership are very significant as it outlines the nature of t he business, the names of the partners, their addresses, the address of the business. Also it includes the duties of each partner, their profit and loss sharing ratios, any salaries if applicable. It has clauses relating the percentage of interest of capital or interest charged on drawings. It may also contain the policy upon admission or retirement of a partner. All the partners and witnesses sign the articles of partnership agreement. Apart from highlighting the various factors relating to the business, it can serve as a legal document. Many partners contribute their capital, labor and skills to the business which has high risk associated with it. Therefore, there is a possibility that there is disagreement among the partners over assignment of duties, division of profit or loss or the admission of a new partner. In case a partnership agreement has not been framed and signed, this can lead to lawsuit. However, if a lawyer is involved and the articles of partnership are stated, it resolves conflict easily as all partners can refer to it. For instance, a dispute arises among distribution of profits among partners, it can be served as a legal document in the court and the conflict can be easily resolved. To avoid legal implications, it is always better to have a partnership agreement to prevent any partner from violating the agreement. It is signed to protect the interest of all partners. Discussion Board The partnership agreement is a legal document that not only serves in the interest of the partners but the government as well. The agreement not only covers the type of the business that it will carry but other important aspects. Many a times the profit and loss sharing ratio is different from the capital ratio, in such cases partnership agree

Dell Inc. in 2006 Competitive Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dell Inc. in 2006 Competitive Strategy - Essay Example Michael Dell is one such leader, who always tries new approaches, as he has done in the case of Personal computers. â€Å"Michael Dell demonstrates the power of the leader whose authenticity and openness to learning pervades and motivates an entire company.† (sodexhousa.com). Another trait of Michael Dell, which is considered crucial to the success of Dell, is not resting on laurels, but moving on to do better things as quickly as possible. Michael Dell (2003 qtd in Business week) says: â€Å"Celebrate for a nanosecond. Then move on.† So, these are the few of the many leadership traits of Michael Dell, which is contributing to the growing success of Dell Inc. and makes it one of the top manufacturers of PC’s and Servers. Strength: Dell through Direct Channel Method is able to offer the customers, customized and richly configured systems at competitive prices. It also introduces new technologies quite quickly, than its competitors Opportunities: It has opportunities to develop technologically and geographically. That is, as its suppliers improve their technologies, Dell can also provide technologically improved products. Then with many developing countries becoming computer savvy; Dell can reach their markets So, SWOT analysis of Dell reveals that it has a lot of strengths and opportunities to maintain its market share and provide quality innovative products at competitive prices. But, at the same time, it has weaknesses and threats, which can affect its production and also could damage its brand image. Porter’s Value Chain encapsulates the integration of value to the products from the extraction or usage of raw materials to the sale of the finished product to the ultimate customer, whilst taking into account organizational, technological and human factors. In the case of Dell, the inbound logistics is the various high tech computer related

Anti Money Laundering In Relationship To The Banking And Busiiness Dissertation

Anti Money Laundering In Relationship To The Banking And Busiiness Sector In Todays Economy - Dissertation Example Money laundering activities are considered to be of prime importance by almost all the nations in the world. In today’s economy all the banks and the financial institutions are subject to the risk of money laundering activities being carried on through the prevailing transaction systems within the organisations. Money laundering is the result of different criminal activities being operated all around the world. This study entails all about money laundering activities carried on globally with special reference to banking institutions and other related business organisations. First of all a brief overview about money laundering has been provided in this study. Next the various effects of money laundering in today’s economy have been discussed in details. The various preventive measures to combat money laundering have also been included in this study. Plenty of initiatives have been taken by different nations all around the world to put a hold on the existing money launder ing operations. It has all been discussed in details in this study. Finally how the nations in the world have come forward to combat the threat of money laundering activities have also been discussed in this study.... Introduction Money laundering activities are considered to be of prime importance by almost all the nations in the world. In today’s economy all the banks and the financial institutions are subject to the risk of money laundering activities being carried on through the prevailing transaction systems within the organisations. Money laundering is the result of different criminal activities being operated all around the world. This study entails all about money laundering activities carried on globally with special reference to banking institutions and other related business organisations. First of all a brief overview about money laundering has been provided in this study. Next the various effects of money laundering in today’s economy have been discussed in details. The various preventive measures to combat money laundering have also been included in this study. Plenty of initiatives have been taken by different nations all around the world to put a hold on the existing money laundering operations. It has all been discussed in details in this study. Finally how the nations in the world have come forward to combat the threat of money laundering activities have also been discussed in this study. 2. Money Laundering – An Overview Money laundering can be defined as the process where the monetary proceeds of a criminal activity are integrated into the stream of financial business in a legitimate way so that its origin is never known to anybody. In this process of money laundering illegitimate funds are made to appear as legitimate funds (Odeh, 2010, p.1). The process of money laundering could be explained in any of the following three ways: a. Creating clean money out of dirty money. b. Washing away drug money. c.

Preschool Literature Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preschool Literature Program - Research Paper Example My effort in this regard would be to introduce literature-based instructional program to promote a combination of learning techniques including behavioural, cognitive and constructivist approaches. Selecting literature titles Developing literature-based instruction primarily involves selecting age appropriate literature material for children (Assessing Children’s Literature, 2003). When selecting a title it is important to consider how far children of that particular age group could connect to it. The title needs to make sense to them so that they can understand its meaning. It has to be kept short and simple and tell about the main subject of the story. As children of this age are not aware of abstract concepts, it is wise to have titles that describe concrete objects that children see around them, love to have and that would appeal to their imagination. A teacher could select a title depending on what she/he wants to teach them. So that children start learning values of life through literature and start associating with them from an early age. In this respect it has to be seen that the titles do not harp at any stereotypical ideas, prejudices and biases (Assessing Children’s Literature, 2003) as the main purpose of having literature-based learning is to inculcate liberal values in children. Selection of media When it comes to literature-based instruction for preschool children it is best to opt for an interactive media. Interactive media in this case would mean instructor-led teaching mode. For so small children the teacher would be the best medium for facilitating learning. The teacher or the instructor plays the pivotal role in building up an interactive learning environment either through reading storybooks or providing with audio-visual treat of a story. So whatever media she/he chooses, it is her/his interpretation of the text that the children will eventually pick up. Vygotsky (1985) claims that reading aloud makes way for an interactive p rocess between the adult and the child that helps the child comprehend the meaning of the text. Therefore the teacher has to ensure proper interaction in the class whether it is reading storybooks or audio-visual story-telling. Developmental goals in introducing literature based instruction Language development For preschool children the first step of learning is language learning. Language is best learnt in a given context. Literature provides the context for learning language. When the teacher reads out a story in a class and enacts it too where necessary, the children are introduced to a sea of new words used in a particular context. They not only learn a new word but its specific usage too. Had the word been taught independently, its significance would have been lost on the child. In this way the child’s vocabulary increases and also his ability to comprehend meaning in a given situation (Clay, 1976). Intellectual development Literature helps in developing critical thinki ng and heuristic skill. After reading out a poem or a story, or showing them a visual representation, the teacher should ask open questions about what the children saw or heard and through probing questions encourages the child to think about other alternatives. The teacher’s focus is to develop the child’s intellectual capacity. Personality development The process of interaction involves in forming and

Development of a microfluidic device for extraction Essay

Development of a microfluidic device for extraction - Essay Example This newly microfluidic device for protein extraction may find an application in the area of proteomic research. Keywords: Microfluidic device; Sol-gel; Silica monolith; Protein extraction; Octadecyl (C18) 1. Introduction It is becoming increasingly important in the development of new medicines to use important a microfluidic tool for identifying proteins implicated in disease pathways. As the search for novel molecules to tackle diseases increases, the need to identify proteins on biological targets also increases. Efficient extraction of proteins is the most critical step for proteomics by removing the interfering materials and improving the detection sensitivity (Ahn & Wang, 2008). The recently invented silica monolithic materials are highly permeable to liquid flow and have high mass transport compared with the packed beds. Moreover, the monolithic stationary phase does not need frits, which can cause air bubbles to form and the proteins can be adsorbed into the frits and remain trapped (Cabrera et al., 2002 ). Fabrication silica monolith inside the microfluidic devices can decrease the volume of the sample and the reagents, and reduce the time of the analysis (Girault et al., 2004). Bienvenue et al. (2006) have observed that the negative aspect of the sol-gel monolith in microfluidic device is the fact that it shrinks while the monolith is formed. They further explain that this is can then cause the creation of an opening between the silica network and the microchip wall resulting in reduced surface area for protein adsoption. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the fabrication of a simple microfluidic device contained in a crack-free silica monolith to decrease sample handling, reduce contamination, be truly portable, and decrease analysis time. Moreover, its aim is to modify the surface of the silica monolith to Octadecyl silica (ODS) to use it for pre-concentration and extraction of proteins. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Chemicals and materi als Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) MW=10,000 Da, trimethylchlorosilane, tetramethylorthosilicate 99 % (TMOS), chlorodimethyloctadecylsilane 95 %, 2,6-lutidine 99 %, NaCl, and trizma base were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Poole, UK) and used as received without any further purification. Bovine pancreas insulin, bovine heart cytochrome C, chicken egg white lysozyme, ?-lactoglobulin from milk bovine, haemoglobin from human, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from the same. Nitric acid, ammonia, toluene, HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was obtained from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). MicroTight Adapter was purchased from Kinesis (Cambs, UK). Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) tubing was purchased from Anachem (Luton, UK). 2.2. Instrumentation Baby bee syringe pump from Bioanalytical System Inc. (West Lafayette, USA). The instrument used for detection was HPLC-UV detection: 785A UV/Visible Detector from Perkin Elmer (California, USA). T he reversed-phase analytical column was Symmetry C8 column, 4.6 mm ? 250 mm packed with silica particles (size 5 Â µm) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (EVO 60. Manufacturer: Carl Zeiss Ltd. (Welwyn Garden City, UK). SEMPREP 2 Sputter Coater from Nanotechnology Ltd. (Sandy, UK). 2.3. Fabrication of the silica-based

Preschool Literature Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Preschool Literature Program - Research Paper Example My effort in this regard would be to introduce literature-based instructional program to promote a combination of learning techniques including behavioural, cognitive and constructivist approaches. Selecting literature titles Developing literature-based instruction primarily involves selecting age appropriate literature material for children (Assessing Children’s Literature, 2003). When selecting a title it is important to consider how far children of that particular age group could connect to it. The title needs to make sense to them so that they can understand its meaning. It has to be kept short and simple and tell about the main subject of the story. As children of this age are not aware of abstract concepts, it is wise to have titles that describe concrete objects that children see around them, love to have and that would appeal to their imagination. A teacher could select a title depending on what she/he wants to teach them. So that children start learning values of life through literature and start associating with them from an early age. In this respect it has to be seen that the titles do not harp at any stereotypical ideas, prejudices and biases (Assessing Children’s Literature, 2003) as the main purpose of having literature-based learning is to inculcate liberal values in children. Selection of media When it comes to literature-based instruction for preschool children it is best to opt for an interactive media. Interactive media in this case would mean instructor-led teaching mode. For so small children the teacher would be the best medium for facilitating learning. The teacher or the instructor plays the pivotal role in building up an interactive learning environment either through reading storybooks or providing with audio-visual treat of a story. So whatever media she/he chooses, it is her/his interpretation of the text that the children will eventually pick up. Vygotsky (1985) claims that reading aloud makes way for an interactive p rocess between the adult and the child that helps the child comprehend the meaning of the text. Therefore the teacher has to ensure proper interaction in the class whether it is reading storybooks or audio-visual story-telling. Developmental goals in introducing literature based instruction Language development For preschool children the first step of learning is language learning. Language is best learnt in a given context. Literature provides the context for learning language. When the teacher reads out a story in a class and enacts it too where necessary, the children are introduced to a sea of new words used in a particular context. They not only learn a new word but its specific usage too. Had the word been taught independently, its significance would have been lost on the child. In this way the child’s vocabulary increases and also his ability to comprehend meaning in a given situation (Clay, 1976). Intellectual development Literature helps in developing critical thinki ng and heuristic skill. After reading out a poem or a story, or showing them a visual representation, the teacher should ask open questions about what the children saw or heard and through probing questions encourages the child to think about other alternatives. The teacher’s focus is to develop the child’s intellectual capacity. Personality development The process of interaction involves in forming and

Management Contracting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Contracting - Essay Example The paper tells that a design-build contract refers to an outstanding type of project delivery system used in construction as well as renovation projects. In this kind of contract, the client awards the project to a contractor. After the client enters into the contract with the contractor, the contractor is responsible for all design as well as construction work needed to complete the project. This will allow the client to deal with one source during the construction of the innovative and eye catching new property as opposed to coordinating various parties. If the client awards the design-build contract to a builder, the builder is responsible for hiring all engineers and architects needed to complete the work of designing the new property. The client has the right to reject or approve design options; however, he is no longer responsible for managing or coordinating the design team. When the owner approves the design, the same contractor directs the construction process of the new pr operty and hires subcontractors if needed. Most clients’ sign build contracts after a negotiation as opposed to a bid process. NEC3 contract is a family of contracts that facilitate the implementation of sound management practices and principles and defining legal relationships. The contract is a positive as well as a progressive form of contract that allows every part to participate in and contribute to the successful delivery of facilities, buildings, as well as best value solutions. The client and the contractor collaborate and their collaborative working across the whole construction process boosts the likely project outcomes. The contract stimulates good management of the relationship between the client and contractor and the work included in the contract (NEC 2010). The contract offers clients and contractors project focused outcomes leading to the achievement of the client objectives for the projects in terms of ultimate performance, quality, time and cost aspects. The NEC3 contract is advantageous in that it designs a system for managing the construction project interfaces. It also gets all the parties to sign up to the contract and

Calculating Cargo Load

Calculating Cargo Load MV STC Bulk Carrier is a geared handy max bulk carrier with five holds and a DWT of 49500T (summer). SHIPS GENERAL PARTICULARS NAME: STC BULK CARRIER TYPE: BULK CARRIER DWT SUMMER:49500 T DISPALCEMENT SUMMER:57923TONNES DISPLACEMENT WINTER:56423TONNES NUMBER OF HOLDS:5 (ALL CAN CARRY HEAVY ORE ) CRANES:430 TONNES HEAVY WEATHER HOLD:NO 3 BALLAST PUMP CAPACITY:2x2000T/Hr CONSUMPTION: FO-32TONNES PER DAY DO-2TONNES PER DAY IN PORT FW-4TONNES PER DAY IN PORT AND AT SEA SEA SPEED:14 KNOTS The ship has received the voyage orders as follows: Discharge bulk sugar SF 1.224 m3/tonnes at Jubail using 3 vacuum discharge at a rate of 250t/hr per vacuum discharge Load maximum cargo of sulphur SF 0.87 m3/tonnes with 4 shore feeders at Sharjah.Maximum draft at Sharjha berth is 15 metres Vessel will receive the required bunkers for the voyage at Sharjah after cargo operation. DISTANCE FOR THE VOYAGES Distance Dar Es Salam to Jubail is 3744 Nm Distance Jubail to Sharjah is 373 Nm Distance Sharjah to Summer Load Line is 3210 Nm Distance Sharjah to Melbourne is 6490 Nm The vessel is presently in tropical zone and will be entering the summer zoneÂÂ   on its way to Melbourne , so cargo should ne loadedÂÂ   keeping in mind that the vessel should be at here summer marks an arrival at summer load line i.e zone allowance should be added to get the correct value of cargo to be loaded . This assignment covers a detail calculation on how to get the total amount of cargo to load when vessel will be entering from one zone to other and different loadicator conditions . ANSWER: Gather information relating to the cargo from the IMSBC, company procedure, flag state requirements. Check if the cargo is in group A, B, C Sulphur is in Group B and Group C. The IMSBC states that the group B cargo of sulphur cannot be carried in bulk so we will be carrying group C sulphur cargo. GENERAL PROCEDURES FOR PREPARATION OF HOLDS Tool box meeting to be carried out (MCA, 2016) Risk assessment to be carried out (MCA, 2016) Communication to be checked between the hold ,bridge and cargo control room (MCA, 2016) The cargo hold to be properly ventilated , gasses to be checked and a permit of work to be issued (MCA, 2016) (IMO, 2016) Dunnages to be removed if any. Bilges to be cleaned and dry (PI, 2002) Strum boxes, bilge covers, sounding pipes and thermometer pipes should be cleaned and not be defected Bilge suction of each hold to be tried out and bilges in good order (IMO, 2016) Bilges to be covered with burlap. The ventilation should be tried out Any damage in the cargo hold to be repaired (MCA, 2016) Hatch covers and entrance to the holds to be tried out for water tightness (PI, 2002) Hatch track ways to be cleaned (PI, 2002) All lighting arrangement in holds to be checked and any damaged or not workingÂÂ   ones to be replaced (MCA, 2016) Fire detection extinguishing system should be checked (STC, 2017) A thorough hold inspection to be carried out (PI, 2002) Crew should wear helmets, gloves, boiler suits, dust masks and gum boots at all time during cleaning process ,safety harness to be used when working aloft in the holds (MCA, 2016) DB tanks to be pressed to check if any leaks in the holds. Discharging of hold washing water should be carried out in accordance with MARPOL Annex V regulation 4.1.3 6.1.2 (IMO, 2011) Test entries to be logged down (STC, 2017) Any special requirements by the terminal, owners or flag state for hold preparation should be carried out. ADDITIONAL PREPARATION FOR SULPHUR CARGO Fresh water washing of holds to be carried out. (PI, 2002) (IMO, 2016) Fire line to be rinsed using fresh water from fresh water tanks using a GS pump. Once the line is flushed make sure that the anchor wash and all fire hydrants are shut (PI, 2002) Holds and bilges to be completely dry before loading (IMO, 2016) Electric equipments in holds nearby spaces should be intrinsically safe or if not then they should be isolated (IMO, 2016) Ventilators Spark arrestors to be inspected repaired if required (IMO, 2016) Bilge pumping arrangement shall be inspected for satisfactory operation lime washing should be done on tank top and lower sections of cargo spaces (IMO, 2016) Upper part of the hold shall have a sound coating of paint, if any paint has been pilled off then that area shall be painted (IMO, 2016) Any loos corrosion shall be removed (IMO, 2016) Machinery and equipments to be covered to protect it from small sulphur dust particles (IMO, 2016) ANSWER HAZARDS OF RAW SUGAR AND SULPHUR RAW SUGAR Sugar dissolve when comes in contact with water, this may result in formation of air pockets in the body of the cargo as the ship moves (IMO, 2016) (PI, SEPT 2006) It has a tendency of self heating/spontaneous combustion. It should be loaded well clear of places having source of ignition or heat Sugar has the tendency to absorb order (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Raw sugar gets contaminated (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Shrinkage or shortage of cargo due to loss of water vapour (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) InsectÂÂ   may be formed in sugar which can lead to diseases (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Sugar ifÂÂ   melted may form sticky syrup like form (PI, SEPT 2006) Raw sugar has a distinct molasses smell that will spoil other cargoes (Thomas, n.d.) Raw sugar has a higher moisture than refined (Thomas, n.d.) SULPHUR Flammable and may have dust explosion during loading and unloading If catches fire emits harmful gases It reacts with sea water and produces corrosive acids and suffocating gases Sometime of granule sulphur behaves like grain which may result in shifting of cargo Dry sulphur does not react with bare steel, but wet sulphur (sulphur containing free water) is potentially highly corrosive (PI, 2002) When sulphur is loaded, any retained free water filters to the bottom of the holds during the voyage From there it is pumped out via the bilges (PI, 2002) Person may get a burning sensation in eyesÂÂ   when loading sulphur PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING RAW SUGAR IN BULK Should be loaded away from the source of heat. NO SMOKING near the area of loading sugar (PI, SEPT 2006) The ships hold should be cleaned well before loading and should be free from any odour Proper PPE to be worn by crew at all the time Dust clouds should not be formed during loading Temperature and moisture contains of sugar to be monitored during loading and carriage and if required ventilation should be carried out to avoid caking Fermentation may result in formation of CO2 gas. Holds must be ventilated before entry and atmosphere to be checked (BMTSURVEYS, NOVEMBER 2013) Loading operation should not be carried out in case of rain Care must be taken to make sure that hot sugar is not loaded into a bulk carrier intended to sail through cold waters to its discharging port, as change in temperature establish within a cargo can result in moisture transfer, and this in turn can cause caking of the cargo (Thomas, n.d.) PRECAUTIONS WHEN LOADING AND DISCHARGING SULPHUR IN BULK Smoking and hot work shall not be permitted in cargo spaces and nearby area All spaces and storerooms adjacent to the cargo area should be properly ventilated and proper precautions should be taken when entering in cargo hold and atmosphere should be monitored A fine spray ofÂÂ   fresh water is used to keep the dust down The loader should be positioned properly to avoid formation of dust clouds Loading operation should not be carried out in case of heavy rain Proper trimming of cargo to be done Surface ventilation must be carried out as required duringÂÂ   the voyage Face mask and eye protection should be worn at all times Lime washing of the tank top to be carried out cargo holds and bilges do be completely dry to prevent corrosion The upper part of the hold should be painted and pilled of paint should be repainted to avoid corrosion (IMO, 2016) Protect the machinery and equipments from small dust particles of sulphur (IMO, 2016) If sulphur catches fire, it should be smothered with more sulphur or with a very fine spray of fresh water not salt water (Thomas, n.d.) There is danger of dust explosion with powdered sulphur during loading and whilst cleaning the holds of sulphur (Thomas, n.d.) The shipper is required to provided the information regarding the cargo to be loaded as per SOLAS 1974 Chapter VI Reg 2 and the IMSBC Code section 4.2. Shipper may deliver this declaration by fax or other electronic device. In any electronic device where the signature of the declaring party cannot be transmitted full name of the declarant in capital letters must be provided on the form (STC, 2017) Cargo information shall be confirmed in written and by suitable shipping document before loading (IMO, 2016) Document should contain following information. The BCSN (IMO, 2016) The group of cargo (IMO, 2016) IMO class of the cargo (IMO, 2016) The UN number if applicable (IMO, 2016) The total quantity of cargo to load (IMO, 2016) The stowage factor (IMO, 2016) If trimming required and the procedures for trimming (IMO, 2016) Angle of repose (IMO, 2016) If the cargo has a likelihood of shifting (IMO, 2016) Moisture content certificate (IMO, 2016) Transportable moisture limit value (IMO, 2016) If the cargo may form a wet base (IMO, 2016) Toxic or flammable gases emittedÂÂ   by the cargo (IMO, 2016) Flammability ,toxicity, corrosiveness of the cargo (IMO, 2016) Self heating properties of the cargo if any (IMO, 2016) Gases emitted if in contact with water if applicable (IMO, 2016) If the cargo has any radioactive properties (IMO, 2016) And other information required by the national authorities (IMO, 2016) Whether the cargo is harmful to the marine environment (IMO, 2016) Shipper details (STC, 2017) Transport document number (STC, 2017) Means of transport (STC, 2017) Place of loading (STC, 2017) Port of discharging (STC, 2017) Additional certificate like weathering certificate ,exemption certificate if applicable (STC, 2017) Human health criteria data (STC, 2017) To obtain the information require by the section 4 of IMSBC code the shipper need to get the cargo properly sampled and tested (IMO, 2016) When water is found cargo holds loaded with bulk cargo there are a many reasons and each should be taken into account (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) The water may be given out by the cargo or there is a leak in hatch covers. It may have entered through any access hatch or an open sounding pipe. Water may have sipped in through a crack in the deck or the hatch coming or through a damaged ventilator (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) Ship staffs should have an accurate idea of the capacity of the hold bilge wells i.e. the greatest value are the sounding of the bilge when full and the approximate tonnage of water contained by the bilge when full (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) Aboard a ship which is well maintained the possible cause for an increased hold bilge sounding is that water has drained from the cargo into the bilge. When water is drain from the cargo there are two key requirements. The water must be pumped out of the bilge and not allowed to flood the hold, and the tonnage of water removed must be logged. It is advisable to keep a record of the tonnage of water discharged from the hold bilges, as recommended by the UN Draught Survey Code24 and in some trades it is a charter party requirement (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) When soundings are found to be rising for no reason a problem must be suspected and the hold must be investigated for a leak. The accessibility to the hold will depend upon the quantity of cargo, speed of flooding, shifting cargo and dangerous gases. If the hold can be safely entered, taking all precaution for enclosed space entry it may be possible to find an explanation for the flooding. If the hold cannot be entered, a careful exterior inspection of the compartment in search for any fitting which is improperly closed or damaged. If the sounding is found to increase whenever the vessel ships water on deck, a leak at deck level should be suspected. If the flooding continues at the same rate, or an increasing rate, at all times it suggests that the damage is below water level (PI, 2017) (Thomas, n.d.) FOLLOWING ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT Firstly find out the amount of water in the hold and the root cause of water ingress Carry out a risk assessment of the situation Check the sounding of the bilges ballast tanks ,fuel oil tanks, void spaces etc No cargo operation to be carried out in hold No1 until total assessment of situation carried out Stability of the ship to be checked If entry in hold is to be done then ventilate the holds and work permit to be issued Inform the terminal about the damage Calculate the total amount of cargo damaged Make a log book entry of all the events Make sure all man holds nut bolts full tight and gasket in good condition Check comings, booby hatch entrance and deck plaiting for leakage Make sure all the bilge valves are properly shut Do not allow anyone to take pictures of the hold without permission If cargo damage is found, contact PI correspondents and ask them to arrangement of a survey. Following information to be given to correspondents:- name of the vessel, date of the incident ,place of the incident , cargo particulars, quantity of damaged cargo, amount of the damage, location of cargo, bill of lading no, loading port, loaded quantity ,cause of the damage, contact details of the agent ETA/ETD of the vessel (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Try to control further damage by taking all possible measures for lessening of damage unless such would involve a risk to the vessels safety (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Take photos of the damaged cargo and the suspected causes (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Log book entries like, sea conditions, weather and wind force (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Sea protest should be filed at next calling port, if the damage was caused by bad weather (PICLUBJAPAN, n.d.) Make sure all time delays have been logged FOLLOWING PERSONS TO BE INFORMED Owners Charters and sub charters Manager Local agents Vessels insurance club e.g. PI DPA Technical superintendent of the ship Terminal Class of the vessel OTHER REFRENCES (Swedishclub, 2013) (PI, 2017) (WEST OF ENGLAND , n.d.)Q10 PROCEDURE FOR MAINTAINING THE CARGO LIFTING PLAN Regular maintenance should be carried out in order to keep the equipment in good order (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) Inspection of the equipments should be carried out by a competent person. It should be carried out as required by the Regulations but in any event at least once annually (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) Check for defects like cracks, corrosion and wear and tear that could affect SWL (MCA, 2006) (MCA, 2016) If in doubt about the equipment has , exceeding the Safe Working Load (SWL), or subjected to treatment likely to cause damage, it should be removed of service till a competent person carries out an examination (MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006) Regular greasing of equipments to be carried out (MCA, 2006) The condition of all ropes and chains should be checked regularly and damaged once to be replaced .Shackles, links and rings should be renewed if damaged (MCA, 2006) Examine the structure for any damages (MCA, 2016) There should not be any trapped water inside the Gantries (MCA, 2016) Limit switch, stop botton, controls and brakes to be checked on regular basis (MCA, 2016) Makers specific parts to be used if any parts are to be replaced. Once any maintenance is done the equipment should be examined by a competent person before using it (MCA, 2016) Cranes: The annual inspections and periodical thorough examination shall be carried out. Inspection and maintenance should be carried out as per the Planned Maintenance schedule (PIUK, n.d.) The following things shall be inspected for signs of deformation, corrosion, cracks, etc Crane Jibs Winch and the foundation of the winch. Goose neck, blocks, shackles, hooks, spider bands etc Marking on the gear should be checked and clearly visible locking arrangements of all shackles and blocks to be inspected lubrication of all the parts should be carried out as per the lubrication plan in plan maintenance system All wires shall be inspected for any damages Hydraulic systems to be inspected for proper functioning Blocks: Annual inspection of blocks to be carried out. Responsible Ships officer should carry out periodic inspection of the blocks on a periodical basis. Carry out the inspection and maintenance as per the PMS (PIUK, n.d.) Following checks to be carried out Check for free movement of sheave heads and swivel Check grooves on sheave for wear and tear Check if any distortion or damage on side plate. Check for any play in the axel pin Check that the thread of the pin is in good order . Check split pin and Grease nipples and markings should not be painted . Lubrication to be carried out as per the lubrication chart Slings:(PIUK, n.d.) Slings should be annually inspected Responsible Officer should inspect it before use Periodic inspection should be carried out a per PMS During these inspections the following shall be checked:- Check if any broken strands, kinks and corrosion. Check rings, thimbles, for damages, deformity and corrosion. Slings should not be used if any signs of damage Lubrication as per the manufacturers Check the tags on sling and compare it with the certificate. A sling without a tag should not Wires: Wire ropes should be inspected regularly and replaced if stands broken, kinked, worn, or corroded. They should be lubricated and renewed as per the PMS Reference (MCA, 2016) (MCA, 2006) (STC, 2017) (PIUK, n.d.)

Catch 22 and a few good men :: essays papers

Catch 22 and a few good men Catch-22 is a novel about the Second World War. It is set on the island of Pianosa, which is off the coast of Italy. It is set in the end of the war while the Germans are on the run and being pushed out of Italy. The book focuses on a bomb group, more specifically a squadron in which a bombardier named Yossarian is assigned to. Yossarian is very upset because all these people he doesn’t even know (the Germans) are trying to kill him. The novel is very hard to understand because of the way it is written. It is helpful in books about the military to have a time-date group so you know what is going on. This book doesn’t have that and is so full of flash backs and flash-forwards that it made my head spin. It wasn’t poorly written but it was hard follow. It has many technical errors such as having helicopters for search and rescue while helicopters weren’t used in military service until the Korean War. The story is a good one but paints a picture of military life as a joke almost. Most of the servicemen in this book had no discipline and did pretty much as they pleased. Yossarian goes through the whole story trying to get out of his squadron and go home. His problem is the commander of the group keeps raising the number of missions required to fly before the rotate home. Every time he gets close the raise the number on him again. Through it all he tries all these schemes to get sent home he acts sick and tries to act crazy. When he tries to acts crazy he thinks that he has a perfect plan to get sent home since there was a rule that anyone who was crazy was unfit to serve in the rigors of combat, but the rule said they had to ask to be grounded. When he goes to get himself grounded he discovers there is a catch. Catch-22 says that anyone who asks to be grounded is not crazy because recognizing danger is the process of a rational mind and anyone with a rational mind is not crazy. That is the main story line of the book.

Characters as Portrayed Through Themes and Images in The English Patien

Characters as Portrayed Through Themes and Images in The English Patient       While the four main characters of The English Patient are extremely powerful, and important to the reader's understanding of the story, they cannot stand alone without the patterns of imagery, symbolism and metaphor which underpin the text, and offer a complexity which extends beyond the literal level. These patterns reveal information about each character, and provide significant links between characters and ideas which lead to a greater understanding of the novel. Likewise, the plot would have little impact upon the reader were the novel not so densely coloured with these patterns of imagery, symbol and metaphor; amongst which skin, hands, mapping and the elements are particularly important.    A metaphorical idea which resonates throughout the novel, and is present in all of the characters (particularly the English patient and Caravaggio) is the concept of man as a sort of communal Book, whereby every aspect of his life, and his relationships with others are "mapped" onto him. This also operates literally, through the obvious markings of scars on the English patient, and in Caravaggio's case, the loss of both thumbs.    ...his black body, beginning at his destroyed feet... ahove the shins the burns are worst. Beyond purple. Bone.    This description of the English patient's body is gruesome and confronting; it addresses the theme of pain, the construction of identity, and of course the physical evidence of his tortured past, which the reader learns more about as this imagery develops. It is almost as if his body is a landscape; a war zone onto which all evidence of suffering is mapped.    Imagery... ...o mirror the horrors of the wa rin which these four people are involved. The themes explored through the elements in particular, are complex and contradictory, just as the elements are themselves. Sometimes harsh, sometimes cleansing, and almost always painful, these elements shape the characters and plot, and reside in much of the imagery explored in the novel. The techniques of symbolism, metaphor and imagery develop the novel's themes of love, war, suffering and identity, which inform a reading of the novel which would not be as powerful through use of characters and plot alone. The subtlety and eloquence through which these themes are explored really inspire thought and reflection in the reader, which in turn credits a more complex understanding of the novel.    Work Cited Ondaatje, Michael. The English Patient. London: Pan Books, 1993   

Andre Trocme

â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd. A shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only human beings. † Andre Trocme was born in St. Quentin, 1901, in the north of France to Huguenot parents. After seminary in Paris and graduate work at Union Theological Seminary in New York, he was ordained into the French Reformed Church and served for eight years among the coal miners and steel workers of Maubeuge and Sin-le-Noble, two small towns in the north of France. He preached nonviolence at a time when such views were unpopular in France. In 1934 Andre Trocme accepted a call to be pastor in the remote Huguenot village of Le Chambon-sur-Lignon on the Plateau Vivarais-Lignon in South Central France. These parishioners were more sympathetic to his views on nonviolence. Magda Trocme (1901-1996) was born in Italy to an Italian father and a Russian mother. She graduated from the University of Florence with a degree in literature and earned further degrees in French. She and Andre Trocme met in the United States while she was attending the New York School of Social Work, and they were married in 1926. Together they had four children, Nelly, Jean-Pierre, Jacques, and Daniel. Andre Trocme was the spiritual leader of the Protestant congregation in the village of Le Chambon sur Lignon in South Eastern France. He urged his congregation in 1942 to give shelter to any Jew who asked for it. Village was soon filled with hundreds of Jews, both permanent and temporary depending on whether they were able to cross the border or not. Approx 5,000 Jews passed through Le Chambon. Vichy authorities knew what was happening for it was hard to hide. They demanded Trocme to stop but he refused and said â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd, a Shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only Human beings. † and for that he was arrested but shortly released. Andre then had to flee and hide from the Germans but the village kept his legacy and continued to shelter for the Jews. Magda Trocme was his wife and was involved in creating and maintaining this sanctuary made for the persecuted Jews. Part of Magda’s role was locating families who were willing to lodge Jewish refugees and prepared the town’s many residential schools for increased enrollment, but she was not the only one helping in this work. Community activists reported to the railroad station to receive the arriving refugees so they could then be housed by the town or taken to safer places. All these undertakings frustrated the regime’s anti-Jewish policies. Several days after august 15th, 1942, gendarmes moved into Le Chambon to â€Å"eliminate† the town of its â€Å"illegal† aliens and two weeks after that on August 30, rumors were around about an arrest warrant. Trocme urged the congregants to â€Å"do the will of God, not of men† and stressed the importance of the commandment in Deuteronomy 19:2-10 concerning the rights of the victimized and their need for shelter. There were no arrests that day, and several days later the gendarmes left the town, their mission failed. Approx 5,000 Jews passed through Le Chambon. Vichy authorities knew what was happening for it was hard to hide. They demanded Trocme to stop but he refused and said â€Å"These people came here for help and for shelter. I am their shepherd, a Shepherd does not forsake his flock†¦ I do not know what a Jew is. I know only Human beings. † In 1943, Trocme and two colleagues were arrested where he was held at a camp for 5 weeks. Commanders were trying to get him to sign an agreement that would mean following government orders, but refused and was later released but had to then flee from the Germans. Although he was gone the town still carried on without him, saving and hiding Jews lives. In the late 1940’s Andre and Magda Trocme traveled as European Secretaries for the International Fellowship of Reconciliation. On the 5th of January in 1971, Trocme and his wife, Magda were recognized for the Righteous among the nations along with 32 others from Le Chambon and in 1998 the town was given a diploma of honour for their humane gestures in the war.

Creative and innovative management in General Electric cooperation

Introduction â€Å"Management is doing things right, leadership is doing the right things† (Pascale, 1990)John Kotter (1996) defined management as number of procedures which can keep the complex interaction between individuals and technology moving efficiently. He identified several phases of this complex interaction, but the most important pieces are considered to be the â€Å"planning, budgeting, organising, staffing, controlling, and problem solving†. Similarly, leadership has been defined as â€Å"a set of processes that creates organisations in the first place or adapts them to significantly changing circumstances†. Good leadership can help draw a picture for the future, support people with that vision, and motivate them to pass all the obstacles to achieve the targets. Basically, effective management and leadership can lead an organisation to successfully achieve its targets. Leaders are people ‘who inspire with clear vision of how things can be done better’ (Slater, 2001). As personality traits, leadership and management possess many similarities. Both need a certain level of influence, the ability to work as a team with a variety of people, as well as the skill to set goals and manage them realistically. Nevertheless, these two traits might be considered very different in when looking at different fields of expertise. Though leadership and management have been around for centuries, the actual classification and concept of both leadership and management have only been developed in the last 100 years. The key functions of managers have been classified by the theorist Henri Fayol (1949) as: â€Å"Planning, organising, commanding, coordinating and controlling†. Good leadership motivates individuals to perform allocated chores willingly, competently and successfully. Leadership can improve people’s performance at work, thus encouraging them to work harder and achieve high quality results. This increases not onl y job gratification at personal level, but also productivity at company level. Managers can create a positive and encouraging work atmosphere by making the employees understand their responsibility for the work, as well as their role in planning and control. As such, managers can create a positive outlook in their teams. This sense of responsibility at employee level is required to develop and grow a business. â€Å"Leadership is management job† Deming (1997). To be a successful manager, one should take into account six important points concerning quality and competence. These include leadership skills as well as management skills, and they are the foundation for each managerial position. The following list contains additional skills which make a good manager: Building a trusting working environment; Promoting a creative atmosphere without fear of change; Ensuring the highest quality results are achieved in order to meet the needs of clients; Ensuring up to date information is available and making certain clear communication channels are active to support informed decisions; Ensuring all results and activities are completed within planned financial and time limits, whilst guaranteeing quality; Utilising the position of influence to persuade and motivate, as well as achieving personal goals. This aspect of self-management is important as a manager is often seen as a ‘role model ’. Types of Leadership Style Leadership style can be described as: Autocratic: Autocratic leaders often have the following characteristics: – Leader makes decisions without reference or consultation with others – Leader wants to have the final say and considers himself the most important person in any consultation – Due to the limited consultation, the leader might reduce morale and friendliness among other members of the team This type of leadership may be effectives in cases where a quick and bold decision is required. Democratic Democratic leaders often have the following characteristics: – Leader believes in their team and they stimulate others to engage in the decision-making process; – Leader believes that all employees are responsible for the success of the work, and thus ownership of the work may be emphasised throughout the organisation; – Leader takes the view of others into account and all relevant parties are consulted before final decision are made – Leader will try to convince or persuade others of his thoughts when a decision has to be made; – Leader may help the motivation and general morale in the work place through active involvement of employees; -Through the leaders’ efforts, the employees have a sense of belonging to the company’s ideas and ambitions; – Leader helps develop innovative ideas and development within the business. 3. Paternalistic A paternalistic leader often has the following characteristics: – The leader considers himself a ‘father figure’ and acts in this manner; – Leader does not always involve other people in decision-making; – The leader considers it important to guide and support the staff; Case study In this case study we will look Jack Welch, a well-known and influential business leader of the 20th century. Mr Welsh was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of General Electric Co. (GE) and he is considered a very good example of a born leader. During the 41 years he spent working with GE, he helped transform the company into a very successful, productive and thus valuable business. As a CEO, he is renowned for his creative and innovative leadership style. Jack Welsh commenced his career at GE as a Junior Engineer in 1960, just after receiving a doctorate in chemical engineering from the University of Illinois. Not long after starting work at GE, Mr Welch accepted a different offer from International Minerals and Chemicals, as he was not satisfied with the bureaucracy at GE. However, this plan never materialised as Reuben Geutoff, an executive at GE at the time, convinced him to stay and helped reduce the bureaucracy. As such, Jack Welch remained with GE, and gradually p rogressed through the company, from head of the plastics division in 1968, to group executive in 1973. Only twenty years after starting at the company, Mr Welch became the youngest CEO at GE to date. During this time working in this post, the company grew from a relatively small manufacturer of light bulbs and simple electrical appliances, to a multi-billion industrial conglomerate by the turn of the century. Over 900 acquisitions, worth several billion dollars were under his supervision, and made the company several more billion dollars through the sale of part of businesses. The innovation management process One of Mr Welch’s most important skills was the fact that he was an intuitive strategist. Intuitive leadership sensitively opens opportunities for personal expansion among high value executives, enabling them to connect with and discover the hidden distinctions of transformational change that exist within themselves. For example: Implementation – the turning of prospective ideas into a new product or service, or resulting in a change in a process. Acquiring – the combination of existing as well as new knowledge and insight, both from the organisation itself as from external sources, to find an answer to the problem. Executing – turning information into a product, which can then be marketed and launched. Launching – Show the product to the market and ensure acceptance or adoption Sustaining – Ensuring the use of the project in the longer term Learning – Using the project cycle to develop, improve and change the manner in which the proje ct is managed The streategy used by Mr Welch provides an opportunity to reduce unnecessary rules and continually question the development of different rules, as well as implement a new structure or alter the way in which the organisation operates. Such changes may be necessary because the organisation’s circumstances have changed or it is taking on new activities. Mr Welch was known as a great communicator, skilled at building trust between staff throughout the organisation. At the same time, he was highly competitive. He believed that management should make sure that new ideas are encouraged and that obstackles be removed from product advancement. Companies should create a setting where staff-led initiatives are promoted, and where training and innovation was available to all that worked there. As a result of his competitive edge, Mr Welch believed such innovative projects should be carefully controlled and managed within the company. Innovative ideas can originate from anywhere in an organisational structure, but it is recognised that developing the â€Å"raw idea† to an â€Å"implemented idea† needs careful support. Managers should be provided the opportunity to be creative and try out new ideas and concepts (within pre-considered risks). Of course the manager should remain accountable and as such the project should be implemented with consideration for timing and budgets. Companies should ensure they have the capacity to accurately envisage potential risks and opportunities, and have the ability to act on any necessary changes. As such, they should ensure that their administrative rules provide support to the innovations in the workplace, instead of providing red-tape which may hold back ideas. It is important for leaders to have vision, authority, but it is more important for them to reach out to individuals all along the chain of command to make sure that everyone feels involved in the process o f change. Leaders who don’t do this, and attempt to impose their vision from the top-down instead, might manage to achieve something that looks like their vision, but which is essentially empty. To persuade stakeholders of the benefits of a creative and innovative idea, one must adopt a variety of approaches to make the ideas appear powerful and compelling. If the ideas you are promoting are congruent with your core beliefs and values, it will be easier to promote them with true passion. Hence, it is important to first consider as to why a particular change or improvement needs to happen, and also how you see this happening. The change will only happen if you truly believe in the results. The following notes can be used for guidance: 1. Get all the facts behind your idea 2. Link humen emotions to the facts supporting your idea 3. Describe your idea and support it by example 4. Create a clear implementation roadmap 7. Be ready for any questions Conclusion Mr Welch had a democratic style leadership- he was greater communicator and he shared information with his colleagues and employers. It is considered very important to include the employer in sharing information, as it if often the higher level managers who interact on a face to face level with the customers, and thus they need to have access to all necessary facts. Mr Welch had the ability to make decisions and change the rules and he possessed the has the spirit of competition. This competitive edge helped push the business towards success and his intuitive strategies helped lead the company accomplish a wide set of goals and targets. As a business leader, Jack Welch was able to work in harmony with the larger business entity and his specific business characteristics made him a successful business leader Recommendation I recommend that those who want to become great leaders like Jack Welch, build on their charisma. Every leader wants to be an excellent one, and follow in the footsteps of a good example, I believe Jack is very good example to follow.